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crowding and circulation, particularly during peak visitation times. The

limited space available for expansion exacerbates these problems, resulting

in congested pathways and negatively impacting the visitor experience. These
factors highlight critical areas where improvements are necessary for the

welfare of the animals and the satisfaction of the visitors.

Thesis Report V-SPARC VIT

Figures 3 & 4: Photograph of panda enclosure designed by B.I.G Architects (on the left) and
Photograph of Elephant house designed by Foster + Partners (on the right)

(Source: Author)

3.2 Mandai Zoo, Singapore

Since its inception in 1973, the Singapore Zoo has been a leading figure in the field of

animal care, conservation, and visitor engagement. Occupying 69 acres (28 hectares)

of verdant tropical terrain, the zoo is home to 3,600 animals spanning more than 300
species, making it a global standout in wildlife preservation. Celebrated for its nearly

50-year legacy, the zoo excites visitors with its extensive array of species,

thoughtfully designed habitats, and dedication to conserving nature.
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