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sustainable sustainable social impact of
sustainable tourism
tourism
development (std)
The World Tourism Organization defines
tourism community “tourism that takes full account of Social Exchange Theory (SET) has Previous studies have extensively
sustainable tourism as
gained prominence in sociology and
delved into the perceived effects of
its current and future economic,
tourism devel-opment on indigenous
social psychol-ogy literature, being
social and environmental impacts,
regarded as one of the earliest thesis’
communities, revealing both positive and
enagement
addressing the needs of visitors, the
of social behaviour. Originating from the
negative effects. The establishment and
industry, the environment and host
growth of local
standpoint of economics, particularly
& recreation
communities”.
individual theory, the ex-change
growing industries and an important 8% In the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable behaviour school of social exchange tourism industries, coupled with in-
creased infrastructure and interactions
theory, pioneered by Homans, postulates
Development SDG target 8.9, aims to
that “Within conditions of free competition
with tourists, directly influence
tourism and
and open markets, individuals may
communities, often resulting in shifts in
“by 2030, devise and implement
ration-ally assess and pursue maximum
values, behaviour patterns, lifestyles,
climate impact
policies to promote sustainable
and residents’ overall quality of life.
utility from a transaction or exchange”.
tourism that creates jobs and
Positive outcomes for host communities
promotes local culture and products”.
Put simply, individuals will engage in
encompass heightened fam-ily incomes,
Tourism is one of the world’s fastest
job opportunities, and augmented tax
valuable and believe that the perceived
is also highlighted in SDG target 12.b.
source of foreign exchange and The importance of sustainable tourism an exchange if they find the rewards improved living standards, enhanced
revenues. Additionally, tourism fosters
benefits outweigh the costs. Applied
employment, while being closely linked to of global which aims to to various domains, including research the availability of recreational ameni-ties
the social, economic, and environmental greenhouse gas on tourism planning and development
well-being of many countries, especially emissions “develop and implement tools to attitudes, social exchange theory
developing countries. monitor sustainable development rationalises the impact of value Hence, advocating for a holistic, bottom-
impacts for sustainable tourism that up ap-proach, wherein communities
A study published in 2018 by Nature creates jobs and promotes local exchanges on behavioural attitudes. are granted greater social power, can
The SET theoretical framework serves to
Climate Change suggested that tourism culture and products”. demonstrate both positive and negative facilitate improved decision-making and
accounts for 8% of global greenhouse perceptions within host communities. foster local capacity building. Ultimately,
gas emissions, which is a very large The World Tourism Organization defines According to it, the residents’ in-clination empowered communi-ties are better
percentage when we consider all of the sustainable tourism as to support tourism development hinges positioned to harness the inherent
possible sources of emissions. For this on their perception of whether the benefits of sustainable tourism devel-
reason, it’s clear that we need to move “tourism that takes full account of benefits outweigh the costs incurred by opment initiatives.
towards a more sustainable tourism its current and future economic, development. Thus, understanding this
model, social and environmental impacts, balance of perceived benefits and costs
addressing the needs of visitors, the is crucial in gathering community support
Maritime or ocean-related tourism, as industry, the environment and host for tourism initiatives.
well as coastal tourism, are for example communities”.
vital sectors of the economy in small
island developing States (SIDS) and In the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
coastal least developed countries. source - nature climate change, 2018 source - wto annual report, 2016
India and community Thus, achieving sustainable tourism
development (STD) in communities
sustainable “ based tourism necessitates a bal-ance of authority,
tourism maximize - community engagement & ownership and power in the
tourist-resident relationship, with
a focus on enhancing residents’
empowerment
empowerment.
as an effective means to alleviate
Sustainable tourism practices in India social & While tourism has been recognized Empowerment, as evidenced by
are not new, bound together by the poverty by bol-stering local economies, research, serves as a valuable tool
twin travel dicta of Bharat Darshan economic its development has often come at in enhancing the capacities and
and Atithi Devo Bhava, now known the expense of traditional culture strengths of local communities,
the world over through the medium of and residents’ way of life. In the initial both at individual and collective lev-
the Incredible !ndia campaign. stages of tourism growth, communi- els.
benefits to ties have faced consequences of
In India, the travel and tourism adverse effects on social, cultural, and However, it requires collective
sector is estimated to create 78 jobs environmental fronts, with economic engagement and action among
per million rupees of investment, the local benefits lagging behind. community members, rather
compared to 45 jobs in the
manufacturing sector for similar Consequently, the concept of com- than individual efforts, to be truly
investment. Along with construction, community munity-based tourism emerged as effective. In the tourism devel-
it is one of the largest sectors of the a response, aiming to enhance the opment context, community
service industry in India. well-being of local residents while empowerment emerges as a
preserving cultural heritage and natural critical element in driving STD
Sustainable Tourism Criteria for & minimize resources through strategic planning initiatives forward.
India Committee and management. In community-
based tourism, where indigenous
In India, the tourism sector is based negative resi-dents play a pivotal role as direct It is often reasoned that employing
a top-down approach to tourism
on its unique endowments of interaction points with tourists and as planning frequently results in
biodiversity, forests, rivers, and its rich key stakehold-ers, fostering a positive
culture and heritage. The challenges impact. perception and attitude toward tourism conflicting interests between
in this sector lie in successfully is paramount. planners and indigenous
preserving these in their original communities, thereby impeding
form, and making them accessible to Here, the notion of empowerment community engagement and
domestic and international travelers, ” emerges as a crucial element in the overall progress of tourism
together with safeguarding the economic shaping residents’ percep-tions of development.
interest and heritage of local communities tourism’s impact and their overall
attitude toward tourism development.
global examples global examples
Mdumbi
a solar powered a community run
resort in Fiji backpacker in
bridge South Africa
Six Senses Fiji, located on the tropical Mdumbi, a backpackers on the Wild Coast
Malolo Island, is a five star resort with of South Africa, aims to promote “community
sustainable luxury and cultural awareness involvement and sustainable eco-tourism”. The
at its core. The resort runs on 100% backpacker prides itself in being fused with
solar power, equipped with rainwater “the divide the amaXhosa culture of the Eastern Cape,
capture and its own onsite water-filtration situated deep in the heart of a traditional village.
site to eliminate the use of single-use
plastic bottles. The resort aims to be as between remote With a number of sustainability interventions
low-waste as possible, encouraging the onsite such as energy efficiency, solar
principles of reuse whilst also practicing power and waste management, Mdumbi
recycling and composting with a “worm- communities, has a unique ownership model, with the
based septic system” and growing as local employees, the amaxhosa community
much of its own herbs and vegetables as association, and TransCape (Mdumbi’s
possible. government affiliated NPO) all holding shares in the
All handiwork and artwork at the hotel has business.
been produced by local villagers and and the private Mdumbi’s NPO, TransCape, aims “to
the hotel supports the Rise Beyond the provide access to the resources, support,
Reef Charity which aims to bridge “the and knowledge necessary for communities
divide between remote communities, sector” to initiate the process of change towards a
government and the private sector in better quality of life.” In 2017, the Backpacker
the South Pacific, sustainably creating a was also awarded a silver prize by the World
better world for women and children.” Responsible Tourism Awards for best in
poverty reduction.
India and the case of manori
sustainable
tourism tourism development, there’s a notable desire for
improved recreation infrastructure and other basic
amenities within the community. Despite some “
concerns and challenges identified, there is a pre-
thenmala, kerala the population. Moving forward aligning sustainable I hope
vailing sense of optimism and civic support for
tourism development among a signifi-cant portion of
and inclusive ur-ban planning and development
Thenmala Ecotourism Site stands as a strategies with the diverse needs and preferences whatever
beacon of sustainable tourism, proudly of both urban and indigenous populations, will
holding the title of India’s inaugural planned be crucial for fostering community well-being and
ecotourism destination. Renowned for its empowerment. development
commitment to environmental preservation, The existing proposals and planning for the M-G-U
this award-winning project is meticulously RTDZ are mostly focused to ad-dress the recreational
designed to harmonize with its surroundings and tourism development needs of the urban
without causing any harm to the delicate settlements of North Mumbai. A lack of adequate happens, my
ecosystem. Nestled within a sprawling recreational infrastructure is evident in the study done
expanse of 60 acres, the region boasts a above and tackling the recreational needs of the
diverse landscape comprising lush forests, greater urban population is a valid priority. However,
tranquil swamps, and expansive grasslands, the development plans and Development Control children are
creating a haven for biodiversity to thrive. Regulations (DCR) for M-G-U Notified RTDZ region
fall short in considering the needs, require-ments and
Visitors to Thenmala Ecotourism Site are development that benefits the urban population benfited by it
aspirations of the indigenous population of the fishing
greeted with a plethora of immersive village of Manori. Constant infrastructure and tourism
experiences,
of greater Mumbai has led to the indigenous
trekking residents being intolerant to these planning
strategies. Therefore, Community engagement and
cycling empowerment needs to be a major priority for all ramesh koli, ”
recreational and tourism development approaches.
Community partici-patory tourism and recreational
adventure sports infrastructure that - employs the residents, improves a native fisherman
economic growth and enhances socio-cultural
boating values, would lead to greater acceptance of the
indigenous population to any future developments.
shopping The success of future recrea-tion and tourism
infrastructure in the region therefore needs to be
camping rooted in sustainable and inclusive community-based
empowerment and participatory strategies.
India and
sustainable
tourism
kovalam, chennai
Kovalam or Covelong, a small fishing
village located in the Coromandel Coast
of the Bay ofBengal, is famous for its
splendid scenic beauty, pristine beach,
blue water and white Sand. Inthe recent
past, Kovalam became one of the
prominent tourism destinations in India
for its watersports tourism activities in
and around the village. Sustenance of
Livelihood after Tsunami in 2016 got
newer-dimensions and the primary being
Tourism. Sustenance of Livelihood after
Tsunami in 2016 got newer-dimensions
and the primary being Tourism. In the
past five years Tourism hasshouldered
the sustainable livelihood for this
village and has enhanced reasonable
economicdevelopment.
source - SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD
THROUGH TOURISM: A CASE STUDY
OF KOVALAM, ECR, TAMIL NADU.
surfing
fishing
shopping
arts+crafts
concerts + festivals