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• Metallic net and Low-E glass prevent direct sunlight penetration, reducing energy
consumption and promoting sustainability.

5.1.3 Solution Impact on Social Activity:
• Decreased temperature and direct sunlight inside the space provide comfort to users in
summer.

• Indirect sunlight provides warmth in winter.

• Connection between inside and outside enhanced by metallic net, providing shading and
views of parks without direct sunlight exposure, enhancing user comfort inside and outside
the space.

5.2 Flood resistant buildings construction techniques
Thesis Report V-SPARC VIT

5.2.1 Building Regulations for Flood-Prone Areas

The building regulations for flood-prone areas should include the following provisions, to be
incorporated into the local building codes:
(a) The plinth levels of all buildings must be at least 0.6 meters above the drainage/flood submersion
levels during the mean annual flood.
(b) All buildings should preferably be two or more storeys.
(c) For single-storey buildings, a stairway to the roof must be provided, which could serve as
temporary shelter. The roof should be flat. (d) The roof level of single-storey buildings and the first-
floor level in double-storey buildings should be kept above the 100-year flood levels.

Construction Techniques
1. Site Selection: Choose a site that maintains its natural state. Design the building to align with
the site's contours to avoid disrupting natural water flow.
2. Road and Drainage Elevation: Assess the site's elevation in relation to the road. Keep the site
higher to anticipate potential road elevation during repairs, preventing water backflow
during heavy rains.
3. Elevated Structures: Elevate the building on sturdy supports capable of bearing its weight and
flood forces. The lowest floor should be at or above the flood level, leaving space for parking
or storage.
4. Foundation Design: Construct the foundation to withstand design flood conditions,
considering soil and strata characteristics. It should resist floating, collapse, and lateral
movement.
5. Wet Flood Proofing: Allow controlled passage of floodwater through the lower levels. Ensure
that sewers and water systems are above the water level or sealed. Keep inlet points open to
prevent pressure build-up.
6. Dry Flood Proofing: Make the building watertight with sealants, shields on openings, and
drainage systems. Effective for concrete or masonry buildings in low-flood areas, it requires
regular maintenance.
Material Choice
 Concrete: Highly resistant to water, stiff, and strong in flood conditions. It is also waterproof
and impermeable.
• Bricks with Water-Resistant Coating: Brick masonry can be made flood-resistant by coating it
with asphalt or similar waterproof materials. Careful design is necessary to prevent collapse
in case of seepage.
• Galvanized Metal: Regular galvanization prevents corrosion or rusting when exposed to
water. This process involves applying a protective layer of zinc coating, reducing maintenance
and repair costs.

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